Digital Twins

The Whole Circular Chain

Digital twin for lettuce growth in six climate zones (‘Climate 2050′), S Liang, NVD Long, MI Parvin, M Escribà Gelonch, S Lantin, V Hessel, Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 238, 110880, 2025. 2. Digital twin modelling of lettuce growth under extreme earth conditions on earth: a very first step to plant growth in outer space, S Liang, NCD Long, S Lantin, M Escribà-Gelonch, V Hessel, Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 1-24, 2025.

Agents

Agent Profile

Environment Monitoring Agent

Role

Master controller for all environmental parameters including temperature, humidity, CO₂, air circulation, and lighting systems.

Responsibilities

  • Monitor and adjust temperature (18-24°C), humidity (50-70%), CO₂ levels (800-1200 ppm)
  • Control LED lighting intensity (200-400 μmol/m²/s) and photoperiod (14-16 hours)
  • Manage air circulation and ventilation systems
  • Maintain environmental stability within optimal ranges
  • Coordinate with other agents for parameter synchronisation
Agent Profile

Resource Optimisation Agent

Role

Strategic resource allocation and cost optimization across all operational systems including energy, water, nutrients, and labour.

Responsibilities

  • Optimise energy consumption for LED & HVAC
  • Manage water usage and recycling
  • Coordinate resource procurement and inventory management
  • Analyse cost-benefit ratios for operational decisions
  • Implement predictive maintenance scheduling

Agent

Software that is empowered to make decisions and take actions.

Agent Commercial Success

Companies like Domino’s, Uber, and Salesforce are 30% greater efficient at 25% lower costs.

Agent Commercial Success in Agriculture

See & Spray software of Blue River Technology company reduced herbicide use by 90%. The AgriTech giant John Deere bought this company.

Decision Support Systems (DSS)

Governance Flow Architecture

Decision-Making in Digital Twins, and Opportunities in Agriculture and Food Supply Chain, Mst I Parvin, S Liang, NVD Long, V Hessel In: Digitalisation and Artificial Intelligence in Agritech and Food Supply Chains, S Kumari, VG Venkatesh, J Hernandez, Z El Hathat (Elsevier).

Five-Level Governance